To generate a new public/private key pair in a Java keystore. Use the -genkeypair option to generate a key and save it to a Java keystore (newkeystore.jks in this example). The example shown here prompts you to enter values for items that make up the distinguished name (DN) in the certificate. The genKeyPair method of java.security.KeyPairGenerator class is used to generate a key pair. If this KeyPairGenerator has not been initialized explicitly, provider-specific defaults will be used for the size and other (algorithm-specific) values of the generated keys. This will generate a new key pair every time it is called.
Contents
- 3. Saving the Keys in Binary Format
- Source Code
1. Introduction
Let us learn the basics of generating and using RSA keys in Java.
Java provides classes for the generation of RSA public and private key pairs with the package java.security. You can use RSA keys pairs in public key cryptography.
Public key cryptography uses a pair of keys for encryption. Distribute the public key to whoever needs it but safely secure the private key.
Public key cryptography can be used in two modes:
Encryption: Only the private key can decrypt the data encrypted with the public key.
Authentication: Data encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted with the public key thus proving who the data came from.
2. Generating a Key Pair
First step in creating an RSA Key Pair is to create a KeyPairGeneratorfrom a factory method by specifying the algorithm (“
RSA
” in this instance):Initialize the KeyPairGenerator with the key size. Use a key size of 1024 or 2048. Currently recommended key size for SSL certificates used in e-commerce is 2048 so that is what we use here.
From the KeyPair object, get the public key using getPublic() and the private key using getPrivate().
3. Saving the Keys in Binary Format
Save the keys to hard disk once they are obtained. This allows re-using the keys for encryption, decryption and authentication.
What is the format of the saved files? The key information is encoded in different formats for different types of keys. Here is how you can find what format the key was saved in. On my machine, the private key was saved in
PKCS#8
format and the public key in X.509
format. We need this information below to load the keys.3.1. Load Private Key from File
After saving the private key to a file (or a database), you might need to load it at a later time. You can do that using the following code. Note that you need to know what format the data was saved in: PKCS#8 in our case.
3.2 Load Public Key from File
Load the public key from a file as follows. The public key has been saved in X.509 format so we use the X509EncodedKeySpec class to convert it.
4. Use Base64 for Saving Keys as Text
Save the keys in text format by encoding the data in Base64. Java 8 provides a Base64 class which can be used for the purpose. Save the private key with a comment as follows:
And the public key too (with a comment): Cd key generator software free download.
5. Generating a Digital Signature
As mentioned above, one of the purposes of public key cryptography is digital signature i.e. you generate a digital signature from a file contents, sign it with your private key and send the signature along with the file. The recipient can then use your public key to verify that the signature matches the file contents.
Here is how you can do it. Use the signature algorithm “
SHA256withRSA
” which is guaranteed to be supported on all JVMs. Use the private key (either generated or load from file as shown above) to initialize the Signatureobject for signing. It is then updated with contents from the data file and the signature is generated and written to the output file. This output file contains the digital signature and must be sent to the recipient for verification. Windows 8 product key generator.6. Verifying the Digital Signature
The recipient uses the digital signature sent with a data file to verify that the data file has not been tampered with. It requires access to the sender’s public key and can be loaded from a file if necessary as presented above.
The code below updates the Signature object with data from the data file. It then loads the signature from file and uses Signature.verify() to check if the signature is valid.
And that in a nutshell is how you can use RSA public and private keys for digital signature and verification.
Source Code
Go here for the source code.
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packageorg.jdamico.bc.openpgp.utils; |
importjava.io.IOException; |
importjava.io.OutputStream; |
importjava.security.InvalidKeyException; |
importjava.security.NoSuchProviderException; |
importjava.security.PrivateKey; |
importjava.security.PublicKey; |
importjava.security.SignatureException; |
importjava.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateCrtKey; |
importjava.util.Date; |
importorg.bouncycastle.bcpg.ArmoredOutputStream; |
importorg.bouncycastle.bcpg.HashAlgorithmTags; |
importorg.bouncycastle.bcpg.RSASecretBCPGKey; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPEncryptedData; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPException; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPKeyPair; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPrivateKey; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKey; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKey; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.PGPDigestCalculator; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPContentSignerBuilder; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPDigestCalculatorProviderBuilder; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPKeyConverter; |
importorg.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePBESecretKeyEncryptorBuilder; |
/** |
* A simple utility class that generates a RSA PGPPublicKey/PGPSecretKey pair. |
* <p> |
* usage: RSAKeyPairGenerator [-a] identity passPhrase |
* <p> |
* Where identity is the name to be associated with the public key. The keys are placed |
* in the files pub.[asc|bpg] and secret.[asc|bpg]. |
*/ |
publicclassRSAKeyPairGenerator |
{ |
publicvoidexportKeyPair( |
OutputStreamsecretOut, |
OutputStreampublicOut, |
PublicKeypublicKey, |
PrivateKeyprivateKey, |
Stringidentity, |
char[] passPhrase, |
booleanarmor) |
throwsIOException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchProviderException, SignatureException, PGPException |
{ |
if (armor) |
{ |
secretOut =newArmoredOutputStream(secretOut); |
} |
PGPPublicKey a = (newJcaPGPKeyConverter().getPGPPublicKey(PGPPublicKey.RSA_GENERAL, publicKey, newDate())); |
RSAPrivateCrtKey rsK = (RSAPrivateCrtKey)privateKey; |
RSASecretBCPGKey privPk =newRSASecretBCPGKey(rsK.getPrivateExponent(), rsK.getPrimeP(), rsK.getPrimeQ()); |
PGPPrivateKey b =newPGPPrivateKey(a.getKeyID(), a.getPublicKeyPacket(), privPk); |
PGPDigestCalculator sha1Calc =newJcaPGPDigestCalculatorProviderBuilder().build().get(HashAlgorithmTags.SHA1); |
PGPKeyPair keyPair =newPGPKeyPair(a,b); |
PGPSecretKey secretKey =newPGPSecretKey(PGPSignature.DEFAULT_CERTIFICATION, keyPair, identity, sha1Calc, null, null, newJcaPGPContentSignerBuilder(keyPair.getPublicKey().getAlgorithm(), HashAlgorithmTags.SHA1), newJcePBESecretKeyEncryptorBuilder(PGPEncryptedData.CAST5, sha1Calc).setProvider('BC').build(passPhrase)); |
secretKey.encode(secretOut); |
secretOut.close(); |
if (armor) |
{ |
publicOut =newArmoredOutputStream(publicOut); |
} |
PGPPublicKey key = secretKey.getPublicKey(); |
key.encode(publicOut); |
publicOut.close(); |
} |
} |
Key Pair Generator Java Example For Free
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